(a)
(i) Quantum orbital Also called quantum mechanical orbital/ Atomic orbital.
This is a region within an atom that encloses where the electron is likely to be for about 90% of its time.
(ii) Quantum numbers these are simply number assigned to all the electrons in an atom and they describe certain characteristics of electrons in an atom.
(iii) Quantization of energy means at sub-atomic level energy is best thought of as occuring/released in the form of small discrete packets called photons/ quanta.
(iv) Wave particle duality of matter.
According to de Broglie's concept of matter, matter has a dual nature(two form). Mean while matter is in motion displays wave properties, then at rest shows particle properties.
(b) The postulates of bohr's atomic model.
●The electrons revolve around the nucleus in a path called orbit which have certain energy.
●The electron when revolve in stationery state does not radiate energy.
●The electrons emit or absorb energy when shifting from one energy level to another.
●The electronic motions are those which its angular momentum is integral multiple of where n = 1, 2, 3...
Answer
(c) Shortcomings of bohr's atomic model.
●Bohr’s accounted that electrons revolve in a single plane. But it was later discovered that movement of electrons is not restricted in only on plane.
●The Bohr’s atomic model did not explain spectral lines of multi-electrons atom but accounted only spectral lines of uni-electron hydrogen atom.
●The Bohr’s model did not account for electrons which were found in a chemical bond.
●Bohr viewed an electron as being placed at a certain distance from the nucleus. However, it was proved by Weaver Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle:–It is impossible at any movement to predict both the exact position and velocity of an electron in an atom.
(i) Quantum orbital Also called quantum mechanical orbital/ Atomic orbital.
This is a region within an atom that encloses where the electron is likely to be for about 90% of its time.
(ii) Quantum numbers these are simply number assigned to all the electrons in an atom and they describe certain characteristics of electrons in an atom.
(iii) Quantization of energy means at sub-atomic level energy is best thought of as occuring/released in the form of small discrete packets called photons/ quanta.
(iv) Wave particle duality of matter.
According to de Broglie's concept of matter, matter has a dual nature(two form). Mean while matter is in motion displays wave properties, then at rest shows particle properties.
(b) The postulates of bohr's atomic model.
●The electrons revolve around the nucleus in a path called orbit which have certain energy.
●The electron when revolve in stationery state does not radiate energy.
●The electrons emit or absorb energy when shifting from one energy level to another.
●The electronic motions are those which its angular momentum is integral multiple of where n = 1, 2, 3...
Answer
(c) Shortcomings of bohr's atomic model.
●Bohr’s accounted that electrons revolve in a single plane. But it was later discovered that movement of electrons is not restricted in only on plane.
●The Bohr’s atomic model did not explain spectral lines of multi-electrons atom but accounted only spectral lines of uni-electron hydrogen atom.
●The Bohr’s model did not account for electrons which were found in a chemical bond.
●Bohr viewed an electron as being placed at a certain distance from the nucleus. However, it was proved by Weaver Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle:–It is impossible at any movement to predict both the exact position and velocity of an electron in an atom.
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